DSM Review: June 2011

Wednesday, June 15, 2011

Gardening with the Safe Haven.

Today was the first day working with Safe Haven Youth since summer session began. I have worked with the youth last semester, so I am familiar with working with them. The youth arrived a little after scheduled time which the coordinator already prepared my peers and I about. The coordinator of this event asked the children to pick someone who they wanted to work with. The children were hesitant to pick one of us so one little brave girl came and picked me. The kids I worked with were very enthusiastic about pulling weeds. When we finish picking the weeds, we moved to the next row and started picking bell peppers, jalapeno peppers, and banana peppers. I am familiar with gardening because of experienced being raised in rural area which my father happens to be the cause of it. The exposure of gardening is essential because this will teach the kids how to planet as well as manual labor.

Wednesday, June 8, 2011

Ethical Issues

Abstract

The purpose of the essay is to explore different topics that help shape the social work field. We will explore five topics which are first phase of treatment, legal and ethical issues, practice theories and intervention, human diversity, and DSM IV IR review. With knowing and understanding these following topics, it will give a sense of procedures that social workers must familiar and or aware of. This paper will focus on legal and ethical issues and what the social worker should be aware of when assisting a client.

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Ethical decision making will also inquire you to consider laws governing social work practice, some laws and regulations that apply to all social worker. One example is the laws that govern what kind of activities social workers are allowed to engage in. Values can sometimes affect ethical decision making. Ethical principle and standards for a profession are meant to serve as a guide to chat is right or wrong. They relate to a philosophy of how social workers are suppose to behave. Values that social workers consider desirable are incorporated in the code of ethics. Examples include a commitment to the primary importance of the individual in society and respect of confidentiality in the client social worker relationship. If a situation is morally uncomfortable for you, but is constant with the code of ethics and the law, you must put aside your discomfort and follow the ethics code and as relevant the law.

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Confidentiality is narrowed and scoped and refers to your obligation as a social worker not to disclosed any information about a client that you obtain during your professional relationship without the clients permission. The code of ethics make it clear that you cannot discuss information about your clients case with other people without the client’s consent unless there are compelling professional reasons for breaking the clients confidentiality. You also have to treat as confidential the fact of your clinical relationship with a client there for if you are asked by someone not directly involved in a client’s case whether or not you are treating the client you should usually answer this question by saying “That you do not disclose your clients identities.” Even the fact you are not treating someone should be kept confidential.

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Next when speaking to a consultant about a client’s case, you cannot disclose any information about the client unless you have obtained the clients consent or there is a compelling need to disclose certain information without his consent. The ideal of a compelling need to share information without a client consent can arise when the client is a serious a ranger to himself or others, under these conditions you can reveal identify information to a consultant without the clients permission if you have determine that doing so is necessary to protect the client or others than the danger he poses. If you talk about a client’s case during a lecture or other public presentation, you cannot involve in formation in your presentation that would allow your audience to identify the client unless you obtain the clients permission in advance.

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If you receive subpoena requesting confidential information about a client you should protect the client confidentiality to the greatest degree by law. When you receive a subpoena for a clients record for example you should initially assert a privileged on a client behalf it is also a good idea to seek legal advice, then you should contact the client or attorney to determine if the client want his record released. If the client wants you to comply, you should get written permission from the client. If the client does not want you to comply, then you should continue to the privileged. If the court later wants you to release records then you must release them at that point otherwise you risk a court situation, you should however release information only relevant to the court case.

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Dual or multiple relationships occurs when you associate with a client in more than one type of relationship. Some example includes providing therapy services to a employee, a friend, a relative, or a relatives other friend. Going into business with a client or hiring a former client for a position in your office. As a social worker you obligation is to avoid engaging in any dual or multiple relationship with a client or a form client which there is a risk that client maybe exploited or harmed.

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When parents of a minor client ask you for information about his treatment you need to balance three considerations. First from a legal prospective the parents of a minor client have the right receive information from you about their child’s therapy. Second, from an ethical standpoint, a minor client has the right to a confidential relationship with you. Third from a clinical prospective, you should consider whether and how the minor clients’ interest would be serve if his parents received the information. Last social workers sometimes form a professional partnership by combining their practices. In the case it is important to understand whether or not, one partner can be held liable for the unethical, unprofessional, or illegal conduct of the other partner.

First Phase

Abstract

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1^st phase of treatment lays down a foundation for selecting and implementing interventions. This is aimed at resolving the client’s problem and promoting his problem-solving skills. Goals to be accomplished in the 1^st phase of treatment include: exploring the clients problems, establishing rapport and enhancing motivation, formulating a multi-dimensional assessment, mutually negotiation treatment goals and formulation contract, making referrals. The helping process generally begins with your efforts to explore the clients presenting problem. If you are legally mandated to work with a client, you must asset the legal the concern in addition to the client concerns. Open ended question are effective for initiation the process of exploring a clients problem. Open ended question are relatively unstructured and draw the client to respond in whatever way he chooses. Such information as invaluable, but you need to use different skills to probe specific details required to understand the problem. Closed ended question define a topic and limit the clients response to a few words and a simple yes or no answer as such they are useful for need factual information such as data omitted by the client. Closed-ended question are used primarily in the portion of the session in order to obtain missing data.

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Another critical skill of building rapport is being authentic. Authentic behavior models openness which usually encourages the client to reciprocate and relate with more openly with you. Being Authentic involves relating a genuine person rather than as aloof professional being congruent and being non-defensive. Your behavior and responses should match your inner experiencing and you should be willing to admit if you make an error to any lack of knowledge. Finally, I went to say a few words about formulating treatment contract. Although it is important to end the first phase of helping with a treatment contract all elements a contract are subject to revision as client situation or needs change. You and the client should agree on aspect of the treatment contract.

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Let’s review now social work establishes rapport with a client. Exploring the problem and establishing rapport occur simultaneously. You should show that you are an interested listener who is making an effort to understand the client as he relates his problem. This is the first step in engaging a client in treatment any beginning to develop a rapport with a client in the first meeting is vital for facilitating a productive assessment because it increases the client’s willingness to speak openly about himself, his problems and his situation. So as the client relates his story, you should listen carefully and actively to what he is saying.

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Acknowledge his statements by responding in ways that demonstrate your efforts to understand him. You should use both verbal and non verbal messages to convey your understanding and acceptance of the client perception, feelings, goals, needs, concerns, and attitudes including his attitudes about seeking professional help. To further facilitate the development of rapport it is also important to demonstrate respect for the clients uniqueness, worth, and compacity, to solve problems, demonstrate a commitment to confidentiality and to the clients need to self-determination, focus primarily on the client priorities and be genuine and authentic.

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Multi-dimensional assessment which you gather and formulate relevant information to develop a coherent picture of the client and his circumstances. Let’s look at how a social worker obtain his information. Our sources of information about a client may include background sheets or forms that the client completes, the client’s verbal report, direct observation of nonverbal behavior, direct observations of interactions between multiple clients such as couples, or family members, information form collateral sources, test or assessment instruments and your personal experience based on direct interaction with the client. Must observe the clients nonverbal functioning as well.

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These typically include the goals to be accomplished, in order of priority on agreement that helping is mutual, problem-solving process, intervention, techniques and modality to be used, duration of treatment frequency and length of session, means of monitoring clients progress, conditions for renegotiating the contract, and your office policy such as your cancellation procedures and fee related issues.

Human Diversity

Abstract

The purpose of the essay is to explore different topics that help shape the social work field. We will explore five topics, which are first phase of treatment, legal and ethical issues, practice theories and intervention, human diversity, and DSM IV IR review. With knowing and understanding these following topics, it will give a sense of procedures that social workers must familiar and or aware of. This paper will focus on human diversity and dealing with people of various of culture.

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In social work literature, the term diversity is used because many worldview differences are the result of factors other than a person country or origin. In this nation, there are certain groups that are not always thought of distinct culture but in each case their member share a world view that mainstream or dominate culture. Examples of these groups are African American, Native Americans, and groups with distinct characteristic based on their lifestyle and experience with discrimination and prejudice. These groups include the elderly, homosexuals, person with physical discrimination refers to negative behaviors directed toward other people based on certain characteristic such as their race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Prejudice directed toward other people based on their, race ethnicity, and sexual orientation.

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First in some cultures, the concept and process of psycho therapy is unfamiliar or really unaccepted African Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, and Hispanic Americans tend to rely on help form family members and to use outside resources as the last resort. Therefore needing or seeking help form a mental health professional can engender fear, shame, or other discomfort and to further facilitate the development of rapport, you should attempt to show trustworthiness early on. Creditability refers to the client’s perception of your ability to be a trustworthy and effective helper. With a culture dissimilar client, you often need to achieve credibility.

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This can be done by acknowledge your differences to the client and demonstrating that you are sensitive and respect her cultural background and you can understand her problems within a culturally relevant framework. In some cases a diverse client will have difficulty trusting a therapist especially a white American therapist because she has had negative experiences with the mainstream culture and with governmental agencies and institutions. If a client level of cultural mistrust is so high that culturally similar therapist is usually indicated. Next variation in nonverbal communication pattern can result in misunderstand between you and a client from a different culture.

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You must avoid misinterpreting culturally appropriate non-verbal behaviors. Such as a unwilling ness to make direct contact as indicators of pathology, hostility, or lack of attention. In addition many non white individuals do not place a high value on verbal communication and believe that body language, facial expressions and non word sounds communicate as much as actual speech. The client’s cultural background must be taking into account during assessment and diagnosis. Certain behavior and interaction patterns consider adaptive in a clients culture maybe considered adaptive in your culture and vise versa. Interpreting this behavior as pathological or conveying that you disapprove of it would demonstrate a lack of sensitivity toward the cultural values.

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When a client is diagnosis of a mental disorder requires the present of clinically significant stress or impairment that is not merrily and respectable response to a particular event. You must evaluate a client’s emotions behavior and so forth within a context, which includes her background experience. When working with immigrants and refugees, particularly those from Asian nations, you should be familiar with social displacement theory. This theory proposes that immigrates and refugees usually fell happy and optimistic when they arrive in the United States, but there after experience a period of depression, confusion, and frustration.

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They are likely to display the most server help problems at the end of the first year through the third year after moving to the United States, immigrates and refugees who were exposed to traumatic events in there country or origin or while escaping to the United States may develop symptoms that meet the criteria for PTSD. Finally, you and the client form another culture may have different beliefs of cause of physical illnesses, mental symptoms and other problems. Such perception can influence willingness to accept a diagnosis and treatment. In terms of treatment, some typical treatment goals and problem solving solutions maybe culturally insensitive a non-white client.

DSM Review

Abstract

DSM divides the mental disorder into three categories: mental disorders due to a general medical condition, substance related mental disorder and primary mental disorders. Primary mental disorder encompass all orders in DSM expect for those directly caused by a general medical condition and or a substance. Culture is also an important consideration when determining whether or not a client has a mental disorder because sometimes symptoms will reflect beliefs behaviors or experience that are particular to or sanction in her culture. DSM describes culture based considerations for most mental disorder and will review in written materials. For example, DSM points cut those clinicians maybe over diagnosis schizophrenia amount members of some cultural groups involving African American and Asians.

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A distinction must be made between ego satanic symptoms and ego diatonic system. Ego satanic traits including feelings, values, behaviors, and ideals are consisting with a person’s ego. They may or may not be adaptive or healthy but they feel real and acceptable to the person consciousness, by contrast ego diatonic traits are unacceptable to the person ego. They conflict with their ideal conception of herself. For example, axis I disorders such as major depression tend to be experienced by the client tend to ego diatonic as such the client is likely to have a felt need for change.

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On the other hand many clients with personality disorders experience their behaviors and emotions as ego satanic and therefore do not go forward a need for mental health treatment. Next, hallucination is sensory perception occurring without external stimulation of the associated sensory organ, they differ for illusions in which stimuli are present, but are misinterpreted. Hallucination can affect any sensory including auditory, visual, tactile, and oral factory. A client with bipolar I is diagnosis according to her current or most recent mood episode.

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Bipolar I disorder, pronounced "bipolar one" and also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression, is a form of mental illness. A person affected by bipolar I disorder has had at least one manic episode in his or her life. A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood, accompanied by abnormal behavior that disrupts life. That for example, a client with bipolar I who is in the midst a major depressant episode would diagnosis as having bipolar recent episode depressed.

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Bipolar II disorder, pronounced "bipolar two", is a form of mental illness. Bipolar II is similar to bipolar I disorder, with moods cycling between high and low over time. However, in bipolar II disorder, the "up" moods never reach full-on mania. The less-intense elevated moods in bipolar II disorder are called hypomanic episodes, or hypomania. A person affected by bipolar II disorder has had at least one hypomanic episode in life. Most people with bipolar II disorder also suffer from episodes of depression. This is where the term "manic depression" comes from. In between episodes of hypomania and depression, many people with bipolar II disorder live normal lives.

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Alcohol-Induced Disorders are disorders caused by excessive alcohol consumption. The symptoms are variable depending on the disorder involved. Some of the disorders are: alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, alcohol intoxication, alcohol withdrawal, alcohol intoxication delirium, alcohol withdrawal delirium, alcohol-induced persisting dementia, alcohol-induced persisting amnestic disorder, alcohol-induced psychotic disorder, alcohol-induced mood disorder, alcohol-induced anxiety disorder, alcohol-induced sexual dysfunction, alcohol-induced sleep disorder, liver damage, liver cancer and esophageal cancer.